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High Levels Of Hormones During Pregnancy Associated With Higher Risk For HR-Negative Breast Cancer

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AppId is over the quota AppId is over the quota Main Category: Breast Cancer
Also Included In: Pregnancy / Obstetrics;??Eczema / Psoriasis
Article Date: 20 Oct 2012 – 0:00 PST
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High Levels Of Hormones During Pregnancy Associated With Higher Risk For HR-Negative Breast Cancer
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Increased concentrations of the pregnancy hormones estradiol and progesterone were associated with an increased risk for hormone receptor-negative breast cancer diagnosed before age 50, according to the results of a nested case-control study presented at the 11th Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research.

Annekatrin Lukanova, M.D., Ph.D., http://www.eczemablog.net/associate professor at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany, and colleagues examined the effects of hormonal exposure during early pregnancy and its possible association with risk for maternal breast cancer.


“Pregnancy influences maternal risk for breast cancer, but the association is complex and the biological mechanisms underlying the associations are unknown,” Lukanova said. “Understanding the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of childbearing on cancer risk can form the basis for primary prevention of breast cancer.”


Lukanova and colleagues used the Northern Sweden Maternity cohort to conduct a nested case-control study of 417 controls and 223 women who had donated blood samples during their first trimester of pregnancy and were later diagnosed with breast cancer. About three quarters of the breast cancer cases were hormone receptor (HR)-positive.


The researchers examined two groups of hormones: The first group included estradiol, estrone and progesterone, the concentrations of which increase substantially with pregnancy progression. The second group included testosterone and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). During early pregnancy, concentrations of testosterone and IGF-1 are largely similar to prepregnancy concentrations.


“We found that circulating concentrations of IGF-1 and testosterone are directly associated with risk for HR-positive breast cancer, in line with studies in nonpregnant women,” Lukanova said.


Results indicated a heightened risk for HR-negative breast cancer diagnosed before 50 years of age with increased levels of estradiol and progesterone.


Lukanova noted that this study was small, that the hormones were measured during the first trimester of pregnancy only, and that further and larger studies will be necessary to characterize the association of pregnancy hormones with risk for hormone-defined maternal breast cancer.


Abstract:


B75 Pregnancy hormones and maternal risk of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer. Annekatrin Lukanova1, Egle Tolockiene2, Helena Schock1, Kjell Grankvist2, Hans Ake Lakso2, Helja Marja Surcel3, Goran Wadell2, Anne Zelenuich-Jacquotte4, Paolo Toniolo4, Eva Lundin2. 1German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 2University of Umea, Umea, Sweden, 3National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, 4New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.


Introduction: Hormonal exposure during pregnancy is believed to be associated with subsequent maternal risk of breast cancer, but so far limited epidemiological data are available.


Study design: A case-control study (223 cases and 417 controls) was nested within the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort to explore the associations between pregnancy concentrations of sex steroid hormones and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) with maternal risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor (HR) expression of the tumors. The study included women who had donated a blood sample during the first trimester of their first full-term pregnancy. Most cases had HR-positive disease: 171 (77%) estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), 157 (70%) progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) and 152 (68%) ER+/PR+ tumors. Estradiol, estrone, progesterone and testosterone were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were measured by immunoassays. For each hormone, the difference (residual) between the actual assay value for each subject and the estimated mean determined for the day of gestation when the sample was drawn was computed by local linear regression. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).


Results: For HR-positive tumors, a significant direct association was observed with circulating concentrations of testosterone (e.g. OR for ER+ in the top versus bottom tertile of 1.8 (1.1-3.0), p<0.02) and IGF-I (e.g. OR for ER+ in the top versus bottom tertile of 2.0 (1.2-3.3), p<0.01). For HR-negative disease, risk estimates for a doubling of estrogens, progesterone and SHBG concentrations were above unity, but did not reach statistical significance with the exception of progesterone for PR-negative tumors (OR 2.0 (1.0-3.9), p<0.04). In analyses limited to ER-negative tumors diagnosed up to age 50 (n=38), these associations were stronger, but only of borderline significance. For PR-negative tumors diagnosed up to age 50 (n=49), the associations were significant for estradiol (OR 1.8 (1.0-3.1), p<0.04), progesterone (OR 2.6 (1.1-6.1), p<0.03) and SHBG (OR 1.8 (1.0-3.0), p<0.04). Adjustments for maternal height, weight, smoking, hypertension during pregnancy, child's sex, weight and length had negligible effect on risk estimates. Associations were similar by combined ER/PR tumor status or when limited to cases diagnosed ?10 years after blood donation.


Conclusions: In this nested case-control study hormone concentrations during early pregnancy were associated with risk of maternal breast cancer but the associations differed by hormone receptor expression of the tumors. For hormones with placental contribution to circulating concentrations (estrogens and progesterone), there were indications for positive associations with risk of maternal HR-negative breast cancer. For hormones, with similar concentrations during early pregnancy and in the non-pregnant state (testosterone and IGF-I), direct associations with HR-positive breast cancer were observed, in line with most available epidemiological data in non-pregnant women. Larger studies are necessary to characterize the association of pregnancy hormones with risk of hormone-defined maternal breast cancer.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click ‘references’ tab above for source.
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Eczema Blog

Natural Cure For Ovarian Cysts – A Holistic Cure During Pregnancy

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You are going to find that a natural cure is going to be the safest and most effective way to treat your symptoms. Ovarian cysts will sometimes form during a pregnancy, but rest assured that there are some things that you can do to help relieve the pain. No doubt you are concerned, but rest assured that it is very rare for ovarian cysts to turn cancerous which would compromise your pregnancy.

Again, for your peace of mind, put the thought of cancer out of your mind. More than likely you have already had an ultrasound, but have another one performed if your feel you might have a cyst. Having this done will detect whether you have a cyst on your ovary or not. Again, do not stress over the fact that in rare cases ovarian cysts can turn cancerous. Again, ovarian cysts turning cancerous is very rare, and you do not need the added stress of worrying about that happening.

Ovarian cyst sizes vary, but can get as large as an egg. Only then should you consult with your doctor to have it removed. A doctor prescribed medication or hormonal drug is not what you want either. Hormonal drugs are not safe to begin with, so why resort to them when they can harm your baby. Alternative treatments such as natural cures for ovarian cysts is the safest method of treatment. having the cysts removed with an operation is risky, but even more risky if you are pregnant. And here is another downside to having surgery to remove the ovarian cyst.

Future outbreaks can possibly happen even after a surgery has removed them. Placing a band-aid to mask the real problem is not the answer. Why take the chance on one surgery only to have more cysts return before the baby is born. However, a natural cure for ovarian cysts will eliminate the pain and help to shrink the cysts. You can alleviate the pain today with some of the following tips.

You can do a huge favor to yourself by drinking at least ten glasses of water each day. This will reduce the swelling and reduce the pain. you will find that you will be going to the bathroom more often, but not for long. After the stored water is out of your body, the trips to the bathroom will return to normal.

To get almost immediate relief, try placing a hot water bottle on your pelvic area. Try using plastic wrap around the hot water bottle and wrap it around your lower abdomen to concentrate the heat source where you need it most. Sipping on a hot cup of herbal tea can go a long way in reducing the pain and discomfort that you are feeling.

These are just a few of the things that you can do to help alleviate the pain associated with ovarian cysts, and what you need to know if you are pregnant.You can learn more about how to finally get rid of them for good by incorporating a natural cure for ovarian cysts by visiting http://naturalremediesforovariancysts.com

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Natural Cure For Ovarian Cysts – A Holistic Cure During Pregnancy

Posted on by

You are going to find that a natural cure is going to be the safest and most effective way to treat your symptoms.

If you are pregnant and have ovarian cysts, do not worry. There is only the slightest chance that the cysts will become cancerous which would compromise your pregnancy.

Once again, ovarian cysts turning cancerous is something that you do not need to worry about. Set up an appointment with your doctor if you feel as though you might have a cyst. Having this done will detect whether you have a cyst on your ovary or not. Like before, do not stress yourself over whether or not the cyst can turn cancerous. It is extremely rare for this to happen, and you do not need the added stress during your pregnancy.

However, these cysts can get quite large, even the size of a small egg. It is only then should you resort to surgery to have it removed. If you find that you do have a cyst, try to avoid prescribed drugs and mediactions at all costs. Hormonal drugs are not safe to begin with, so why resort to them when they can harm your baby. deciding on a safe and effective alternative is going to be a wise decision.

Surgery at anytime is risky, but more so during a pregnancy. And having the ovarian cyst removed with surgery does not guarantee their return. It will not keep future cysts from forming. A temporary fix is not going to remedy the problem. There have been women that have had this risky surgery to remove a cyst only to have more return towards the end of the pregnancy.

The only safe and effective alternative is a natural cure for ovarian cysts. You will be glad to hear that there are some things that you can do now that will alleviate the pain.

This would include drinking at least ten glasses of water a day. This is going to diminsh your pain and reduce the swelling around your pelvic area. Yes, you will be hitting the bathroom more frequently, but only for a little while. Once the old stored water is expelled, the trips to the bathroom will diminish.

By placing a hot water bottle on your lower abdomen, you will notice almost instant relief of the pain. You can also wrap the hot water bottle with plastic wrap around your abdomen to concentrate the heat where you need it. You can also get some relife by sitting down for a rest while sipping on an hebal tea.

These are just a few of the things that you can do to help alleviate the pain associated with ovarian cysts, and what you need to know if you are pregnant.You can learn more about how to finally get rid of them for good by incorporating a natural cure for ovarian cysts. by visitinghttp://naturalremediesforovariancysts.com

Tips to Reduce the Eczema Itch During Summer.

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I used to love summer.  That was before I had a child with eczema.  Suddenly I came to dread the summer months, as instead of improving Miss T’s skin (as everyone was sure it would) it became much worse in the warm weather and she would be constantly covered in eczema and hives.

Miss T dressed for the sun.

The heat can make our children incredibly itchy and it’s often a real challenge to keep them cool.  Although for many eczema sufferers sunshine improves their skin, for some the sun means big flare ups and itchy nights with little to no sleep at all.  Children with eczema tend to be warmer than the average child.  It’s as if their body’s thermostat is set slightly higher than normal and so keeping them cool is really important in trying to break the itch-scratch cycle.

We often get asked by parents how to keep their children cool in the summer months.  Here are some of our suggestions, along with some innovative ideas that parents have suggested to us.

Clothing

When the sun came out Miss T was desperate to run around with the other children outside.  Bare legs were an absolute no-no as it would be only minutes before she had scratched them until they bled.  Very lightweight pure cotton leggings and long sleeved tees really helped and meant that she could still wear pretty dresses and skirts over the top.  Out of desperation for something pretty for her to wear, we also designed these lightweight ninja trousers.

Ninja trousers to stop itchy legs

The buttons on the cuffs were to try to limit her legs exposure to grass pollen and also to stop her being able to pull them up and scratch behind her knees!

Cooling Creams

We’ve always kept our emollients in the fridge during the summer months as applying a chilled cream can really help to soothe the maddening itch.  One mum actually applies cream to the inside of her little ones pyjamas and then puts them in the fridge (inside a sealed bag) to help cool him down at bedtime.

Wet Wrap Therapy

Using Wet Wrap Therapy is a fantastic (and far easier) way to keep an itchy child cool at night and also a great way to add moisture back into their skin. First bathe the child to soak their skin and then pat dry and apply a heavy layer of cream or balm.  Next dress your child with a damp layer of bandages or wet wrap suit and then add a light, dry layer of clothes over the top.   As the water evaporates it has a cooling effect which can really help to relieve the itching.

Wet wrap suit to add moisture back into the skin

Pollen

With the warmer weather comes the added irritant of increased pollen levels.  Try not to let your child play in freshly mown grass and keep their skin covered in a light material at all times.  Pure cotton or bamboo fabrics allow the skin to breathe and are much less irritating than man-made fabrics. If pollen is a known trigger for your child then it’s worth considering drying washing inside, away from airborne pollen that can attach itself to clothes.  Unfortunately dust mites also thrive in warm weather so washing bedding and sofa covers more frequently can really help too.

Paddling Pools

Splashing around in a paddling pool is a rite of passage for most children.  However it can be far more challenging when your child has eczema.  We would apply moisturizer an hour before we went out, followed at least half an hour later by sun tan lotion.  As soon as we got home we would have to bath Miss T and reapply all of her creams. We found that Green People’s Organic Children’s sun tan cream is the only one that didn’t irritate her skin, but a lot of parents also swear by Sunsense Ultra.

A few years down the line and we are coping far better in the hot weather, although we still get flare ups, and a high pollen count is also a trigger for frenzied itching. Probably one of my most memorable summer days was the first time Miss T went out with bare arms and legs – such a simple thing for most children – but a turning point in her eczema and so a very special day for us.

For more tips on helping with eczema take a look at our Top Ten Tips.

 

 

 

 

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